American Mermory SOAPStone

On a road near Eutaw, Alabama

S ubject:

The subject of this photograph is the hard work and labor people faced at that time. This picture shows the long stretch of road ahead of the two African American women. The road seems perpetual, never having an end, and the landscape is almost barren, with a few trees in the distance. Off to the side is an old fence strectching as far as the road goes, and there are no buildings or houses in sight, so it makes this place seem poor and lonely. People living here would have had a hard life, as there was probably nothing around for miles. The photo is arranged so that the long road can be seen clearly, giving the impression that the place was pretty empty.

O ccasion:

This photo was probably taken during the time when African Americans were discriminated against by Americans, and they did not live in the good conditions most whites did at the time. In this picture, you can see that these people did not have the "modern" conveniences that most whites had, and they probably had to work harder to make a living.

A udience:

This photograph was probably targeted towards adults, as they can relate to the two women more than younger children can. Wealthy white adults would be most affected by this picture because it gives them an idea of how other people are living in the world and what types of conditions poorer people live in. They may realize how hard of a life it is for the black people that have to work everyday to support themselves. Wealthy women might be able to relate to this picture more so than men as the picture shows two women traveling on the long road.

P urpose:

The purpose of this photo is to illustrate about what type of conditions some African Americans lived in. This photo may make the audience feel bad for the two women, and may make them want to help them in some way. It would help the audience realize and understand, in some way, what some of the blacks are feeling themselves living the way they did.

S peaker:

Based on the picture, I would think that the photographer had a heart for African Americans, and felt bad for them and realized their hardship. The person taking the photo probably thought that it was unfair for blacks to live like this, and wanted to show others how sadening it is to see two women walk along the never-ending road in a barren land. The photographer took the picture from behind the two people and angled the camera just so the huge stretch of road could be seen to its fullest extent at the spot they were standing.

T one:

This picture is a little sad in its tone. Although it does not convey any extremely heart-breaking scenes, it does stir up one's emotions, just to see the conditions in which some African Americans lived in. For me, it delivers a slight shock to see what type of place they live in, and how far they probably have to travel to get to the closest city. It is sad how two women (seemingly lonely) must travel along the never-ending road, and by the looks of what they are wearing, it is probably in the summer time.

Part of a Negro tenant family on a farm near Greensboro, Alabama

S ubject:

The subject of this photograph is the children of an African American tenant family. The photo is arranged so that each of the kids' faces show clearly, as well as what they are doing. The three children seem to be waiting or longing for something, and they seem a little bored. The girl on the left is wearing a stained dress and holding on to the wooden pillar/pole. The boy in the center seems to be staring off into the distance, and he is leaning on the pole. The child on the right is merely standing there, almost as if there is nothing else to do. Each of the children wear torn, worn out clothing and are barefooted.

O ccasion:

This photo was probably taken during the period of the Great Depression, as the children in the picture look poor and are wearing raggedy, dirty clothes. At this time, the world's economy had turned down because of World War II and many other factors. This is probably when families became poor or in poverty, and they often did not have enough money to buy food to feed the whole family. The children might be waiting for their parents to bring them food or something else.

A udience:

This photograph was targeted mainly to children and parents. It would be the most effective on them because they can relate to it the closest, as parents do not like to see their children starving and struggling to have enough food to eat, and children will obviously understand what other children are feeling when they see photos like this. Both genders and both younger and older children can be targeted by this picture. Any social class would be affected by this image, and in terms of races, African Americans would be the main target because they would know how it feels like to live like the children were in the picture, and they had been through this before. They know what it is like to be poor during the Great Depression.

P urpose:
The purpose of this photo is to illustrate about how people lived in the times of the Great Depression, and also to document the poor conditions people were in. This photo makes the audience feel sad for the children, and may make them wish they could help them in some way.

S peaker:
The photographer of this photo probably felt bad for the children, and wanted the rest of the world to see what these children were going through. They positioned the camera so that all three children showed up in the picture, and from this angle it is clear what they are doing and what expressions they bare on their faces. Based on the subject they chose, children during the hard times of the Great Depression were probably one of the most important things to them. The artist understood their hardship and wanted to document this point in time (which is history now).

T one:
The tone of this photograph is depressing as well as sad. The children in this picture make me feel this way, and you can tell from their expressions that their lives are not full of fun and play, but full of struggles and misery. They do not look very happy at all, and it also makes the audience feel the same way.

A rest stop for Greyhound bus passengers on the way from Louisville, Kentucky to Nashville, Tennessee, with separate accommodations for colored passengers

S ubject:
The subject of this photograph is a dining room for bus passengers on the way from Kentucky to Tennessee. It is a small dining room, and yet it is separated for blacks and whites. The sign on the front of the little building says "Colored Dining Room In Rear". The photo is arranged so that the sign on the front can be clearing seen, as well as the surrounding area.

O ccasion:
During this time, the Great Depression is probably going on and when segregationist signs became common throughout the south. This photo was taken after black slaves were freed, but when people still treated them unfairly because of their skin color. At this time, almost all local restaurants had separate areas set aside for "colored only" and "white only". Drinking fountains and many restrooms were also like that. This photo is an example of a dining room that has areas set aside for different races.

A udience:
This photograph was probably targeted towards African Americans. In this photo, the sign purposely points out where the blacks are supposed to go, and separates the two races. Blacks will find it more offensive to see they have been pointed out specifically by the dining room and moved to a different area in the rear. This photo targets both genders and ages.

P urpose:
The purpose of this picture was to merely document what was going on at the time of the Great Depression. The main focus of the photo is the sign posted there, and there are no people or activities going on around the area.

S peaker:
Based on this picture, the photographer probably thought of this as an important part of the Great Depression, as it clearly shows the racial segregation among whites and blacks. From this photo, racial discrimination is probably very important to the person that took the picture, and they probably showed interest in the unfair treatment of African Americans that was going on at the time. The artist could have been African American, or an American that cared for the blacks and knew that they were not being treated with respect.

T one:
The tone of the photo is indifferent, as it only shows a sign and nothing else. There are no people involved in this picture, so there isn't really a way to tell whether or not this picture had some other meaning in it. All there is is the sign, showing the unfair treatment of the blacks, but that is not enough to infer how the artist truly felt about the subject.

Sign on a restaurant

S ubject:
The subject of this photo is the sign on the window of a restaurant saying "We cater to white trade only". The photo is arranged so that the sign can be clearly seen, and it is made the focus of the picture. The photo does not show any people or the actual restaurant itself; only the sign is visible and significant.

O ccasion:
The occasion of this picture is probably during the time of the Great Depression, when racial discrimination became common in the south, and signs like these were posted everywhere. These signs pointedly discriminate against blacks and other non-Americans. Restaurants at this time were often seen posted with segregationist signs, and many local areas had separate places set aside for blacks and whites.

A udience:
This photograph is targeted mainly towards African Americans and other races that were discriminated against. This affects them the most because they may feel hurt and slighted when they see this sign, and are reminded of the unequal treatment they faced. This photo is mostly targeted to adults of lower class. After seeing this photo, they may feel offended and angry at such blunt discrimination.

P urpose:
The purpose of this photograph is to document what racial discrimination during the Great Depression was like, and to illustrate the type of signs that were posted at this time. It may also enrage some people about how strongly they were discriminated against by the whites.

S peaker:
The photographer of this picture probably felt sorry for the people that were discriminated against, and realized how unfairly they were being treated. That was why they took the picture, to show the full extent of racial discrimination during the Great Depression. Based on the subject they chose, this person probably thought that such discrimination was wrong, which was why they thought of this sign important enough to take a picture of it. The camera is also angled so that the sign on the window is the main focus of the picture, and nothing else is surrounding it.

T one:
For me, the tone of this picture is slightly angry in its tone, as it shows the clear discrimination acts that the whites imposed on the blacks to make them feel insignificant and unimportant. It makes me feel slightly angry at the whites for being so cruel to other races. The sign that so bluntly points out the fact that they only cater to whites makes me feel mad at them for doing such a thing. I would imagine that that was what most African Americans felt when they saw this sign, only much stronger.

Imagine Tomorrow

For me, the best part of the Imagine Tomorrow competition was the way it was set up, and how the judges would come up to you one at a time or in groups and you are able to present numerous times in front of different people. It was much easier than having to stand in front of hundreds of people at once and present only one time, having no time or second chances to improvise or fix anything that you messed up on/wanted to add to the presentation to make it even better. Also, this format of presenting made it much less of a formal presentation, but more of a casual one since you were able to interact with the judges as they asked questions throughout the presentation. This gave me time to think more clearly about what I was going to say the next time, and after presenting for so many times, our group didn't really need to present in a strict order of who was going when. We just decided that whenever one of us had something important to add that maybe one of us forgot to say, we could mention it right there. After almost each presentation, our group could collaborate with one another on what else we could do to improve our speech next time.
One thing that could be revised for next year's competition would be for them to give us a chance to relax after the judging, and to let us take time to explore by ourselves. I didn't want to go to the workshops. Although it would have been educational, I was not interested in any of the workshops they offered and just wanted to rest a little after the long hours of standing in front of my poster. It would have been nice if they allowed us some more time in the Recreational Center too. Also, they should have assigned around an equal number of judges to each group, and maybe afterwards if other judges are interested in a specific project that they weren't assigned to, they can then take a look at the other projects.

To prep for this competition, we split up the presentation so that each person would have a part. The practice presentations on Thursday were very helpful as it gave me an idea of how it would be like during the judging at WSU. Other than that day, we did not practice, but there was no need to since it wasn't a formal presentation on stage. The practice presentations helped me know what volume I should speak at to make myself clear and how I should explain things to the audience for them to be able to understand our project.
Overall, being freshmen, I think we were very well prepared for this competition, and many of the judges were surprised when they found out our ages and grade level. The quality of our projects were pretty good, and we might have done even better than some upper-class men. Obviously, time was a big issue. But some of our projects seemed too simple, and next year we have to step it up a bit since more people will be coming and it will be harder to win.

For next year's competition, I would like to continue our project and expand on it. We could do more testing that we have outlined in our future plans, and if our results are positive and show that DSE is a reliable fuel source for school buses to run on (maybe even cars), it would make for a great presentation. Also, if it is possible, I'd like to work on more than one project at a time, such as working on designing a "greener" building to add to Camas High School. Imagine Tomorrow projects should start as early as possible, maybe even now, so we have as much time as we need.

Imagine Tomorrow

Overview of Final IT Steps:

We have collected all of our materials and have just finished making the alternative fuel that the buses will be tested on. We have already done the control run of a bus running on diesel, but we still have the actual testing to do using the alternative fuel source for the bus to run on. We also need to make a trifold for our presentation, and we have made a line graph of the cost of making the alternative fuel depending on the number of gallons. We will begin to run the tests tomorrow at around 11 am. After all the testing has been done, we still need to make a graph showing the data we have collected. We need to update our research proposal and experimental design template, and will need to complete the second part of the research paper after our data has been collected. Another thing we need to do is to complete our future plan.

Self Assessment:

Team player:
9 out of 10, because I have contributed as much as I could to the group, although some people may have worked harder than I have on this project.
Creativity:
8, Our project did not require as much creativity, and it wasn't any of us that came up with the idea of attaching a sock (revised to a rag instead) to the tail pipe to measure the pollution emitted from the bus, which was one of the most important parts of the experiment.
Follow through:
10, I have did everything the group asked of me, such as getting more rags, calling restaurants for oil, and getting the vegetable oil over to Camas High.
Problem solving:
8, I wasn't as knowledgeable on the topic of our project, and I didn't have a lot of ideas that would help us overcome the problems we faced during our experiment. I helped think of some restaurants we could call, although all the ones I have called either didn't have vegetable oil or were not able to give us any.

The Persuaders

Marketing Products:

"The Persuaders" begins by questioning the increase in the amount of advertising we typically encounter in our daily lives. How would you assess the amount of advertising you see? Too much? Too little? Just right? In your view, what difference does it make to know that people today see much more advertising in their daily lives than people 20 or 30 years ago?

1. Usually I see too much advertising all around me, but it doesn't really affect the way I live, since the more the clutter of advertisements increase, the more I tend to ignore them. Also, I don't watch television very much, so that limits the advertisements I see in my everyday life, but I still see ads on common items or tools, which forces me to look at them no matter how little I care to read them. The internet is covered with all sorts of ads, and the more they pop up, the more I don't read them and close them as fast as I can. In my view, it doesn't really make a difference to know that people today see much more advertising in their daily lives than people 20 or 30 years ago, because like I mentioned earlier, the more advertisements there are, the more people ignore them and are unaffected by them. People become immune to ads, so companies must keep finding new ways to persuade the public.

Marketing Culture:
Douglas Rushkoff asks, "What happens when advertisers assume the roles of our writers, journalists, and entertainers?" How would you answer him?

2. When advertisers assume the roles of our writers, journalists, and entertainers, then everyone will be forced to read ads, and there would be no escaping them. The advertisers would have an advantage because they are attracting more attention to themselves and their products. People will be persuaded more easily through writing and the way advertisers weave in their ads into our everyday lives. Some movies were made to advertise a certain product, and without knowing it, some people may become persuaded by that movie. People may think of the product or place differently now that it was shown in a movie, and they might think of it highly. Advertisers would change people's perspective of things this way. Writers, journalists, and entertainers are familiar with our train of thoughts and know how to be persuasive, and if they start advertising using the same techniques as they did for when they were entertaining or writing, the ads will become all the more affective.

Marketing Politics
Political consultant Frank Luntz tells his clients that, "80 percent of our life is emotion and only 20 percent is intellect. I am much more interested in how you feel than how you think." Contrast this with Thomas Jefferson's notion that democracy requires an "informed citizenry." What is the potential impact of Luntz's political strategy recommendations on the health of a democracy?

1. Luntz's political strategy is to get to the public's emotions instead of telling them everything that is going on. He says 80% of our life is emotion and only 20% is intellect, so he wants to target his strategy on the emotion part of people's lives. Instead of having an "informed citizenry", advertisers would basically have control over the public and their thoughts, and people wouldn't have a say of their own. They would just listen to whatever the advertisers say, as they arouse different feelings in them. This would be the complete opposite of a democracy with "informed citizenry", and almost wouldn't be considered a democracy at all. People won't be able to think for themselves, and although the strategy would be very affective in persuading the public, it would be as if the people are under rule, with the advertisers being "more interested in how [people] feel than how you think."

Propaganda & Media Literacy Log

This is an ad from the internet at m-w.com, advertising FiOS. The propaganda is trying to get people to use FiOS, and its target is generally middle-class parents, teens, the rich, and the educated.
Some specific tactics this ad uses to persuade the audience to buy the product are pathos and logos. Pathos is evident at the top of the ad where it says "This is FiOS. This is Big." This is telling the audience that everyone is using it, and that it is the new "big thing" that you should buy. It makes FiOS sound like such a big deal, and it makes the audience want to use it because it seems like everyone else is using it, and they do not want to be left out. The ad also uses logos when it shows the price of FiOS internet per month. This is factual, and since it is relatively cheap and the price is written in large numbers, it will attract the reader's attention and persuade them to buy it. Also, the ad appeals to the audience's wants. It lists the speed of the internet, and has a strong image that will grab the attention of the audience. Some people will be attracted to the picture, and as a result, become persuaded into buying the product.
These tactics are useful for this particular audience because most middle-class adults are concerned about the cost of internet, and the price shown on the ad will appeal to them the most. Some teens may be drawn to the image, educated people would want high-tech technology, and still other wealthier people who want to keep up with the world of technology by getting new internet and something "big" such as FiOS, will be easily persuaded by this ad.

This is an ad I found on the internet at a blog called Get it in Writing, and it is advertising kleenex. Their main target is the middle-class adults and parents that may have a need to buy tissues occasionally.
A specific tactics used to persuade the audience in this propaganda is slogans. The slogan used is "I can't live without Kleenex", which can also be an example of pathos, showing the audience that they should buy this product because you can't really live without this brand of tissues. This effective slogan can also be interpreted as an example of ethos, although the actual speaker is unknown. Someone is saying that they cannot live without Kleenex, which persuades others to buy it because the statement makes it sound so important and almost like a necessity of life. Pathos is also seen when the ad says "They [Kleenex] seem endless", implying that Kleenex is everywhere and that the watcher should buy it since it is popular and "endless", and everyone else is using it.
These tactics are used in this ad for this specific audience because for the parents that are looking for the right brand of tissue, the slogan will persuade them to buy Kleenex.

I found this ad on the internet at a website called Daily Texon Online. This propaganda is mainly targeted towards educated, middle-class people who need something like Xerpi to organize their bookmarks and share them, and the ad is trying to make the audience try Xerpi.
Specific tactics used in this propaganda include ethos, pathos, appealing to the audience's wants, and slogans. Ethos is represented in this ad three times: first when someone says they got it from Ed, the second time when a man says he got it from Traci, and finally when a woman says she got it from her brother, and she "loves it". Here, three spokespersons are used to advertise Xerpi, and they each mention something good about the product to persuade the audience to use it. This tactic causes an appeal based on the character of the speaker. Pathos is evident in this ad where it says "share them with your friends". This sentence, in a way, stirs emotion and feeling in the audience, telling them that they can share bookmarks with their friends if they use Xerpi, and that way, they will be able to connect with their friends more often. This ad also appeals to the audience's wants by offering them money, saying "try it and win $500". Xerpi has a persuasive slogan of "love your favorites".
These tactics are effective for this specific audience because middle-class people will be enticed to click on the ad, hoping to win $500 dollars just for trying Xerpi. Educated people that want ways to organize things will be attracted to the "organize your bookmarks" part of the ad.




This is an internet ad from myspace.com, advertising acne solution, and its main targets are teens since they are the ones that use these types of products the most.
Some specific tactics this ad uses to persuade the audience to buy their product are logos, pathos, and strong/powerful images. An example of logos in this ad is when it states the results of the acne survey, "The results are in! 98% saw acne gone in days!" Another example is the part on the bottom that says "clinically proven". These factual statements prove that the acne solution worked on almost everyone that tried it, and should also work for the reader. Since the solution is clinically proven, it must work. The use of pathos is evident where there are check boxes below each picture, one saying "sucks?" and the other "rules?". The "rules?" box is checked, showing the reader that, obviously, the second picture is the best, and it provokes feeling among the audience. The audience wants skin like the person in the picture above the "rules?" box, and they will be persuaded by the words "sucks" and "rules". It also represents the usage of appealing to the audience's wants. The images used are very powerful to the audience, as they can see the result of using the product compared to before using it, and by doing so, realize that the product could also have the same effect on themselves. The second image is more appealing than the first one, so people will be enticed to try the product themselves.
These tactics are used for this specific audience because most teens are concerned about their physical appearance and fitting in, going along with what "rules", and these images and words are very useful in persuading teens to buy the product.





This is a movie trailer for the film called Into the Wild that I found from Youtube. This ad is targeted towards middle-class adults and teens alike, because they are the ones that most likely will watch this movie. The trailer will not appeal as much to younger children. This propaganda is trying to get people to either go to the movies to watch it or to buy the actual video.
Some specific tactics used in this trailer are pathos and powerful images. Pathos is used when the character in the trailer says "Not only is it important to be strong, but to feel strong", "If you want something in life, reach out and grab it", and the words "lonely" and "scared" he writes down. These sentences and words stir emotion in the audience, and they want to see this movie because it makes them feel a certain way (sad, a certain connection to character, etc), and some may wonder what the main character means by these quotes. The music provides an intense atmosphere, and so do the strong images used, such as the part of the flash flood hitting the character's car. The images also make the watcher want to know what actually becomes of him in the end, and makes them want to experience what he went through by watching the film. The images add to the dramatic feeling of the trailer, which entices the watcher to go and watch the movie.
These tactics are useful for this specific audience because teens and adults like tension in movies and get persuaded more easily by seeing strong images that they could possibly relate to or might be curious about.





This is a piece of propaganda that I found on the internet from the same website as the Kleenex ad, Get in in Writing Blog. This ad is trying to sell a product called Ariel Pocket, a stain remover, and it targets mainly middle-class adults, busy parents who want an easier way of getting rid of stains, and possibly even teens.
Some specific tactics used by this ad are pathos and the appealing to the audience's wants, needs, and fears. Pathos is evident where the ad is showing a washing machine skiing and "enjoying" itself, and says, "Ariel Pocket, and your washing machine could go on a holiday". This makes people think of their washing machine as an actual living thing, and persuades them to buy the product partly for their washing machine's happiness, now that the ad gets them thinking in a new perspective. Appealing to the audience's wants and needs are effective for parents who don't want to spend so much time cleaning stains and are useful for that specific audience. Other adults and teens that, for example, want to have an easier way of cleaning a little stain rather than throwing the whole thing in a washer, which is very time consuming. It would make life easier for them. This ad also appeals to the audience's fears by starting off with something frightening (tense /creepy music) and fading words such as, "Thousands of guests enjoying their holiday... And they are not alone..." which catch the audience's attention. This attention grabber holds the audience's interest in time for the washer to show up, and it makes the watcher wonder what is happening, so they keep watching until the actual advertisement product shows up, persuading the watcher to buy it.

Beasts of England DIDLS

Tone and Style Analysis

D iction:
The poem contains repetition of the phrases "Beasts of England, beats of Ireland" and "golden future time". This is an example of register, as the phrase "golden future time" is registered in the animals' minds, constantly reminding them of what is to come if they are successful in overthrowing the humans.
"soon or late the day is coming"
The song uses strong, persuasive words and phrases such as forever, toil for freedom's sake, shall be ours, shall be trod by beasts alone, and tyrant man.


I magery:
The image of how England will look like after humans have been overthrown: "bright will shine the fields of England, purer shall its waters be, sweeter yet shall blow its breezes"
"rings shall vanish from our noses", "fruitful fields of England", "riches more than mind can picture"
The descriptions in the song are enticing the animals to start a revolution for want of these things.


D etails:
the riches: "wheat and barley, oats and hay, clover, beans, and mangel-wurzels"
"bit and spur shall rust forever, cruel whips no more shall crack"
"tyrant man shall be o'erthrown... shall be trod by beasts alone"
The details included in the song make the animals want to experience and live the type of life being described, and the thought of having the land all to themselves with no whips and suffering is very tempting for the animals.
"purer shall its waters be" This is meant to explain and describe to the animals how much better England will be with the humans gone, and it persuades them to form a revolution.


L anguage:
use of strong words to provoke feeling among the animals and stir up a revolution, "all must toil for freedom's sake", "golden future time"
The song uses register through the language, as some more important and emphasized phrases will stick in the animals' minds more than others.


S entence Structure:
The song uses short phrases, use of adjectives to describe life for the animals after humans have been overthrown. Every other sentence in the song rhymes:

"Beasts of every land and clime,
Hearken to my joyful tidings
Of the golden future time."

"And the harness from our back,
Bit and spur shall rust forever,
Cruel whips no more shall crack."

The sentence length is balanced, it has a loose sentence pattern, and complex-compound/complex sentences can be found throughout the song.

Overall:
The overall tone of the song "Beasts of England" is defined by the use of imagery, repetition, and persuasion, and from the diction of the song, it is clear that the author has strong feelings and determination towards the subject of rebellion. Repetition causes the words of the song to register in the animals' minds, making it difficult to forget. The author uses imagery to paint clear pictures in the animals' minds and persuades them to want to stir up a rebellion.